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Thermoelectric Module: Converting Heat into Useful Energy
A thermoelectric module, also known as a Peltier device, is an innovative solid-state component that directly converts temperature differences into electrical energy—or vice versa—using the thermoelectric effect. It operates without any moving parts, making it a reliable and environmentally friendly technology for both cooling and power generation applications.
At its core, a thermoelectric module consists of multiple pairs of n-type and p-type semiconductor elements connected electrically in series and thermally in parallel. When a voltage is applied, one side of the module absorbs heat (creating a cooling effect), while the other side releases it. Conversely, when a temperature difference is applied, the module generates an electric current. This dual functionality allows it to serve as both a cooling device and a power generator.
Thermoelectric modules are widely used in portable coolers, laser diodes, sensors, and electronic devices where precise temperature control is essential. In…